Shoemaking and cobbling were important trades in the 13 colonies. In addition to using the labor of enslaved people, taverns were also the sites of slave auctions.Ī man reenacts the role of a colonial cobbler in Williamsburg, Virginia. Tavern keepers might also own plantations and enslave Black people, forcing them to work in the keeper’s tavern. Many- perhaps most-tavern keepers were white women, and widows of prominent men were especially successful in gaining licenses to operate taverns. They served as locations for social, political and business meetings, had rooms available for rent like an inn and also served as a marketplace to buy goods. The earliest taverns in the 13 colonies were very similar to taverns in Britain, but they evolved to meet a variety of needs. Under the leadership of Benjamin Edes and John Gill, who became the Gazette’s printers and publishers in 1755, the paper became a leading outlet for criticism of the British Empire and support for colonial independence. In 1719, the rival Boston Gazette was founded. This paper was subsidized by the British government and focused on news from Europe. The first successful colonial newspaper was the Boston News-Letter, which ran from 1704 to 1776. Probably the most famous printer from that era is Benjamin Franklin, who published his Poor Richard’s Almanack under a pseudonym between 17. Printers published newspapers, pamphlets, books, almanacs and other publications during the colonial era. Benjamin Franklin is depicted at age 15 in his brother's printing office in Boston, Massachusetts, 1721.
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